An In Depth Look At Single Family Houses In Denver

This is Day 107 of the Slow Home Project, and we need you to join us in our quest to evaluate the design quality of houses in nine North American cities in nine months. This week we are analyzing single family houses in the Denver area and today we are going to be doing an in-detail review of the entry question on the Slow Home Test.

Don’t forget to download a copy of the “Slow Home Report” for Toronto and let us know what you think! There is a lot of very interesting data which has been gathered by all the Slow Home viewers who took the time to evaluate the design quality of new apartment/ lofts, townhouses and single family homes in the Toronto area.

Also, we are pleased to let everyone know that our new book “What’s Wrong With This House?” is now available for sale through our on-line store. This book is the result of a year of work and research by John and Matthew and provides the entire history behind the Slow Home idea and talks about how we need to change the way we think about house design given the current state of the economy and environment.

Today, our “In Detail” tutorial focuses on “Entry” in single family houses. To score the point for “Entry” on the “Slow Home Test“, the home must have both a good front as well as a good back entry. In all the plans submitted thus far for the Denver area, we have found very few homes that have both a good front and back entry! Obviously, this part of house design needs some serious attention.

Let us know what your thoughts are about entry and what are the key components to having a good front and back entry.

Here are the plan examples from today’s tutorial:

This plan has a good front entry, but the back entry from the garage is poor because it opens directly into the kitchen.

This is a plan with a poor back entry as the door from the garage opens directly into the dining room. The front entry, however, is good as it is a space and not just a door and has a coat closet close by.

This plan also has a good front entry, with the appropriate amount of space and an adjacent closet, but again the back entry is poor as there are too many opening doors in a very small area.

This plan has both a good front and back entry – although we would argue that the size of the front entry is too large and by contrast the back entry is too small given the overall home size. At least the components of what makes a good front and back entry are present.

This is a plan with a poor front entry because there are four separate spaces making up the front entry. This is inefficient and is really nothing more than an articulated hallway. This is an example of the minimum acceptable space requirements necessary for a shared back entry/ laundry room. If there was a coat closet, then the room would be even more effective.

While the front entry of this home has the correct components – it is a space and not just a door and there is a coat closet – it should not receive the point on the Slow Home Test because the quality of the entry space is nothing more than an oversized, long and dark hallway. By contrast, the back
entry is too small for it to be functional as the loading dock of the home.

This is a poor front entry where although there is a closet, there is a view directly into the principal living space. The back entry is also a classic mistake of what NOT to do where the shared back entry and laundry space does not have enough room in front of the machines to be functional.

This is the worst type of front entry. The entry is denoted only by a change of flooring, is not actually a space, has no closet and has a view directly into a principal room. One should avoid this type of entry at all costs. The
back entry is no better because it is located in a collision of door swings and enters directly into the kitchen.

Join us tomorrow to review the Design Projects that were submitted on Wednesday and to find out who is the Slow Homer of the Week!

  • BradW

    OK, I took a look at the SLOW single family homes this week.

    The McStain Yarrow house in Bradburn Village is leading the charge with a score of 19. So does it measure up?

    Location was judged based on a walk score of 60 and reasonable amenities nearby – Y. Environmental performance includes a standard solar PV system – Y. Siting not much known here but in the context of a larger development probably several of these plans are correctly sited so – Y. Organization is straightforward relying on the venerable centre hall plan – Y. So in the major categories all is well assuming the buyer is careful about siting. But room by room I think could be a different story. Entries are narrow and abrupt – N. Living spaces are OK, there is major traffic flow through the family room reducing its usable space and making furniture and TV placement awkward – N. Outdoor living is compromised by the attached rear garage reducing yard size…this maybe the new normal but I in the single family category I still say no – N. Dining – Y. Kitchen is on the large side with the major appliances and pantry spread haphazardly around, it could be better – N. Bedrooms – the entire master plan does not work for me, the double door entry, the angled entry into the bathroom – N. Bathrooms – in the master where do you hang towels?, others just OK – N. Study – could be living room or upstairs loft – Y. Laundry just OK – Y. Parking – Y.

    I scored a 14. IMO, the house is OK but not a star.

  • Mid America Mom

    HI BradW. I disagree with your assessment on the plan, I scored it.

    The outdoor space is sufficient – it is a great size for furniture, doors do not conflict with its function, so it has a garage or wall on one side…that is not a cited dis qualifier. The kitchen does not have extra appliances, we have enough counter space and where it needs to be, and decent storage. Yes it is large but the triangle is not.

    The family room does not have major traffic flow in middle- but is does have access to a rear yard , on the side of it. You could place a tv on two walls and furniture across from it. We can make the fireplace or outdoors a focal. The room also has light from two sides.

    The size of the master is proper for the home, we can fit a bed, closet is not way over the top, we even have windows on two walls which is a bonus and not even in the good example in the book. Having a double door or one non conflicting angle does not make it fast.

    I could go on but I have to run..

    Mid America Mom

  • Terri

    John and Matthew,

    I finally had time to read your Toronto Slow Home Report. It does a very good job of analyzing the reasons for the low scores in each category. The amount of data is astounding, almost mind-numbing, on a first pass. The only things I might comment occur on the first page. (Yes, I did read past it!) The graphs for each category don’t show the actual number of units tested. I think it might be fair to include this information. And the sidebar to the right uses a font that is difficult to read: some lowercase letters are different heights, and it seems too stylistic for the kind of data it’s presenting.

    Overall, I found it easy to understand and informative. Though I might be a little biased, I think anyone with an interest in the new housing market should find your report very interesting. I commend you for all your work sorting and analyzing the data everyone collected and presenting it in such a comprehensive manner.

  • Terri

    John/Matthew,

    A good analysis of the entry question on the Slow Home Test. I take issue with one of the examples that Matthew said “no” to, involving what he perceived as a conflict between the garage entry and the HVAC closet opposite (the sixth example above). He says that the door from the garage collides with the HVAC closet door, but in everyday life the chances of this utility door being opened are next to nil, and the few times maintenance will be positioned there would be a well-known fact for the home’s occupants and therefore adjustments would be made. This is reasonable, IMO.
    Matthew also stated that the laundry didn’t have enough room in front of the machines (separate space), but this is not an entry issue, is it?

    (BTW, I see that that troublesome question of where to put a laundry basket while doing laundry has reared its ugly head again, so I feel the need to say something…This is a situation which depends on the machine layout. With a side by side setup there are two good surfaces to use: the tops of the washer or dryer. It’s sort of obvious that one would put the basket there until needing it again, isn’t it? In the stacked setup, though, I admit this isn’t an option.)

  • Tara

    John and Matthew:

    I’m glad we touched on entries this week – I think that this is a problem in many houses and too often people just have to deal with it because there are not a lot of good alternatives out there.

    My townhouse has lots of problems with its entries and it’s very frustrating for me. Though the front entry has a vesitbule space, it is very small and you have to step outside of it and onto the wood floors in order to close the door behind you. The back entry, the one I use the most, enters directly into the kitchen. The house also does not have any closets or storage areas on the main floor which is annoying. When we moved in, we had to install coat racks at the front and back doors in order to have somewhere to place coats.

    I think often designers are much more concerned with the living spaces of the house but they forget about how one enters into them. The first impression for guests and residents alike is important and I hate the dirt that ends up in my kitchen and living room because of the bad design of the entries.

  • BradW

    MAM – It is nothing personal (note I did not identify who submitted the project), I simply do not agree that this house is a 19. Other so-called slow homes may not measure up either but your project was first on the list so I took at look. As a bonus, it fits with the today’s discussion on entries since this is where the only point was deducted. I was curious to know what others think.

    Since, the Slow Home Project is now detached from the comments blog very little discussion takes place regarding the SHP submissions. I was atempting to get some discussion going in this regard. As Murray and others have noted, a single scoring of a plan can include a personal bias making the results statistically less relevant.

  • Frances Grant-Feriancek

    John & Matthew,

    The poor design of entries is one of the original reasons I became been a Slow Home devotee.

    I used to think I lived with a messy family, three kids and a husband. Thanks to Slow Home I now relize we have never lived in a home with a proper entry. The absence of back entry closets have been the major problem we deal with daily.

    It’s not that my family doesn’t put things away, it’s that the closets have been located at the front door too far away from the frequently used back door.

    Better living through better design! No more nagging, no more tripping over napsacks or size 12 shoes!

    If Slow Home could influence this one area the resulting good will in families would be immeasurable.

  • nicole

    Personally, I would like to see an entry, whether it be the front or the back, have not just a closet, but have a ‘closet room’, similar to a walk in closet. I find that I do not have enough space for the winter jackets, spring jackets, summer stuff and more importantly, all of the sporting equipment that I have and use quite frequently. (from biking to snowboarding.) I’ve seen this large walk in closet in a few homes in the Silver Star area and it works great! Also, it can become a space that is used as temporary storage until things can be put away, such as groceries or camping gear. (This way it is not laying in the living area.)

  • Matthew North

    Hi Terri – Thanks for your feedback about example 6 – I feel that the laundry door location is also a problem because if someone comes in from the garage there is a chance they will whack someone coming in or out of the laundry room. That particular laundry room is OK in terms of layout but the door in relation to the garage door is wrong IMO. (I just figured out what IMO is and I am going to use it all the time now!)

  • Matthew North

    Brad W – I agree with your point about the discussion of single family homes – I wonder if we should all take a crack at analyzing the same house to see what we would get and how much variance there is amongst Slow Homers?

  • BradW

    Matthew – IMO is great but as an alternative you could use IMHO (in my humble opinion) :) – if you really want to expand your net lingo check out this site – http://www.netlingo.com/acronyms.php

  • Grace Coulter

    I was pleasantly surprised when the discussion of entry this week including the back entry. This is unfamiliar territory for me as I don’t believe I have ever had instruction on back entry design before. I think too often architects/designers focus on the front entry and as seen in the examples provided by John and Matthew the backdoor is often neglected. This topic has made me reflect on the back entries i am familiars with, which ones work and which don’t. I think it would be valuable to add to the conversation the importance of context when designing entry spaces. Like most design local context will dictate the needs of the residence. A snowy/rainy climate will potentially ensure the need for a larger mudroom that a desert home might need. As always, designers need to look at no only the needs of their clients but also the local site to inform their decisions when planning spaces.

  • Terri

    BradW,
    Yikes! Your netlingo.com web link has really got me going now…

    AWLTP I reviewed the plan you didn’t like (at top) and I don’t feel it’s quite so bad as you do. ISTM that there wasn’t a conflict with the family room layout, and maybe a garage wall could be a good privacy fence. As for the angle in the bedroom…yes, it’s a little too obviously out of sync, but otherwise, I thought that bathroom wasn’t quite as wasteful use of space as some others. ISTM that one that was posted as 18/20 (just after your pick) had a huge amount of wasted space in the master bath (a walkaround shower). BWDIK?

  • Terri

    Matthew,

    I like the idea of everyone grading the exact same plan, because then we might see for sure if we are not interpreting the value of the same elements exactly the same. It would serve the purposes of these city by city Slow Home Reports, too, if we could prove that the Slow Home test is a tried-and-true rating system when used universally. Consensus may be an impossible dream, but the process may offer more discussion on good design, which is always valuable, IMO.:)

  • Mid America Mom

    BradW I can appreciate the want for discussion. I miss that as well. I think you hit the nail on the head about bias.

    You thought Matthew was too soft earlier this week and today, like then, I feel you are too harsh. You do admit some of the bias which I think is helpful. As I looked at your concerns on this plan I scored for the project, I brought them back to the Slow Home rules of thumb for the particular point. As that is the lens we should be using to evaluate plans for the project.

    I freely admit that in general I am a classic person for NO on the kitchen question. SPAM ALERT! I have the NKBA as a bookmark – http://www.nkba.org/ . The Trinity Townhome development from the which should I buy segment in Dallas- I think I destroyed at least one of them. I think everyone else did not take the same issue. Many times a floorplan would pass the slow home rules of thumb for kitchens but not pass my thoughts on design within a layout and the BUTT test. If I was to score this Yarrow kitchen plan for myself, I would say NO due to the refrigerator placement and the pantry in Siberia. Another example – I dislike circulation to other rooms or stairs in the main living space. “A family room is a destination not a stop to one,” I say. Looking at the copy of the book I would pass on the plan that is used to show what is a slow home. In that plan there is circulation at the back of a nice sized and properly oriented wide and long family space. I know and agree, in that floorplan, it does not impede the function of the family room (well maybe my decorating ideas ;) ! ) so it passes the actual question.

    Yes sometimes I feel generous or slip. And divorcing myself from these biases and preferences is not always successful. Many times we bring those preferences to the what should I buy/rent discussion. I think we should. They are asking which you would buy. But if we were to look using our slow home hat that could be different.

    As the Slow Home test is to be a real life working process for those looking to buy/rent/or renovate I am thankful that the rules are not numerous or too rigid and can accommodate preferences.

    Mid America Mom

  • Mid America Mom

    Frances and Tara thank you for sharing your entry story. It is amazing how much these things really do make a difference in organization, efficiency, and happiness.

    Mid America Mom

  • Manolo

    I’m with Grace on this topic. In my experience, the front entry seems to get treated formally, given a decent (often too generous) amount of space and (seldom) a closet, while the back entry seems to be treated very very poorly. I don’t understand why as homeowners, we prefer only to give our guests a proper welcome into the house, while we ourselves sneak in past the laundry – stepping over boots and backpacks laden with groceries – in the tightest of dank spaces. I prefer the combined entry (as displayed in my version of the design project) with sufficient storage so that every time I come home to my house I feel welcomed by that well-organized first space. I don’t mean to overly romanticize the space, but if all you’re getting is a vestibule with a door swing in your back as you try to take your wet/snowy shoes off on the 3 square feet of tile you’re living a meager life! And isn’t that what we’re about – quality of life (as opposed to quantity)?

  • MollyK

    I wish there was a way to edit a score. After viewing the ‘entry’ segment this morning I knew I had incorrectly scored my houses from WashParkGreen. It really is about consistency and adhering to the small print in each category. It is hard not to let personal preferences play into the scoring, especially if a home has some impressive feature like environmental performance (which is so hard to find).

    Also, I noticed with the new site arrangement you can’t peruse the “Add a House” page unless you are actually adding a home. I’m glad BradW brought that up today. I enjoyed skimming the submissions when they were grouped with the daily discussions. I understand the convenience of having them separate…wait…I really don’t understand why they were separated. Couldn’t we get a split screen or something so we could follow the projects better?

    If I get a minute I’d like to review the McStain Yarrow House. Somebody review the WashParkGreen houses I submitted…always interested in what others think.

    I have one request…let’s not get too carried away with the netlingo. I can’t keep going back and forth to figure out what you people are saying…it breaks the rhythm while I’m reading. ;)
    (BTW, I think it is a great site…again, thanks Brad.)

  • MollyK

    Matthew,
    It would be very interesting (and beneficial) to see how a sample of Slow Homers scores a group of homes. I would be particularly interested to see which category has the most variation in the range of scores. It could point to ambiguity within the test criteria or it really could be that a particular category brings out the bias in all of us.

  • MollyK

    BradW
    I see you analyzed a floorplan from Green Reserve at Cherry Creek as did I. First, I’m so glad you tackled the Chateau. I am not ashamed to say I just felt overwhelmed when I looked at it (for scoring purposes that is…I could have ‘wandered’ through it just fine). Second, apparently your address is askew because your green “dot” is located in Dallas/Fort Worth. Perhaps you should alert Eric.

  • Mid America Mom

    AH. If we could do our own back entry.

    My dream house has a mud room with lockers about 1.5- 2 feet wide (for each one of the family), bathroom near, laundry with space to hang a load (about 4 feet) and fold another PLUS a cabinent for the detergents etc, a drop down ironing board with the iron being able to be tucked away, a small chair or bench, a boot dryer, and then built ins above the lockers to ceiling to hide STUFF like ice skates when not in use. Vinyl flooring so I do not have to go after the grout, a rug in front of the door that can hold lots of dirt and water, washable cabinents…oh to dream.

    Mid America Mom

  • BradW

    nicole and others – I agree the back entry or entry from the garage to clarify is a very important family space that is almost never big enough. Collective sigh…

    Terri – GBTW

    MollyK – I was impressed with the quality Kurowski builds into their homes – I’ll check out the address problem – thanks for the support

    Finally, I think scoring a target house is a great idea as long as the scoring is anonymous.

  • Andrew

    I believe a good entrance should be treated as a transition space from the exterior to the interior, as well as from a garage to the interior. A good entrance will provide a smooth flow from outside to inside and offer a space that helps occupants settle into a residence. This is especially important in colder climates where entry spaces are used as a place where occupants can remove and store their jackets, shoes, etc. Some of the plans above have poor entrances, particularly the back entrances, because they lead straight into a kitchen or dining space. This can be awkward since people will enter a residence and have to move through the house to another room before they can find a place to leave outdoor clothing. A good entrance also has a strong connection with an outdoor living space, such as a deck, patio or porch, and creates smooth transition between such an outdoor space and the interior. Good entrances must be functional and work positively with the spaces they connect to.

  • BradW

    MollyK – WashParkGreen is a very cool project – nice find. The front entry and powder room location directly off the living room would be immediate question marks. I also thought the master bath vanities in the north unit were a problem and, like you, I loved the master bath in the south. At first blush, I liked the South better than the North but I cannot disagree with your scoring.

  • Murray

    Tremendous.@THEOFTH such fun to read! Good vibes!

  • Murray

    SIFCKDTHT1UP!!!!

  • MollyK

    BradW,
    Thanks for reviewing WashParkGreen.
    After viewing the ‘entry’ segment this morning I knew right away I shouldn’t have given the point on entries for either house. In further review of the floorplans I realized that there is technically a back entrance if you count walking from the detached garage, up the outside stairs, and into the house at the…dining area. Yes, the “back door” at the dining area would probably count as the back “entry.” Well crap…what are you gonna do? At least there is a closet at the front door…thank goodness for small miracles.

    As for the powder room, it is a conundrum for me. Powder rooms can be stuck in so many places because of their size, and most people expect one on the main living floor so I am somewhat lenient with their location (and its impact on the Bathroom score…there I admit it). It is the same problem I find with small balconies on highrise units…but I digress.

    BTW, if you’re wondering what to get me for Christmas…it is definitely the Master shower in the South unit. And since my birthday is on the 27th you can throw in the double vanity as well. Oh heck, just build me the entire Master bath, toilet too. On a side note, don’t forget the tankless H2O heater. :)

  • MollyK

    Slow Home score for McStain Yarrow: 16

    The overall feel of the floorplan is fine but the devil’s in the details.
    Penalties:
    Entry-N-something we all agreed on
    Kitchen-N-the combination of breakfast nook and kitchen make this area supersized with a large area of circulation between the table and the desk. The triangle is too large: the frig is far removed and the stove is too close to the circulation path from the back entry.
    Bedrooms-N-the Master bedroom has “bad proportion” which John spoke about in a recent segment. It is the area between the bed and tv that creates wasted space and makes it feel supersized. (It’s too bad because the other bedrooms are well proportioned.)
    Bathrooms-N-based on numerous examples the area between the vanity and entry is considered wasted space.

    I did notice the circulation issue in the Family room but I think it would have minimal impact…a slight “jog” to the right is not bad. However, furniture placement can’t impede too much on that path or things will go downhill.
    The outdoor living category could be a problem. But it all depends on the lot (which I did not see). The garage could break the back yard into 2 zones and that makes for different planting areas. Just like you decorate different rooms, you can do the same with outside areas.

  • Jessica

    Just viewed the tutorial session and read through the analyzed plans. Like others in the discussion thus far, I hadn’t ever really considered the usefulness of a well-designed back entry–they seemed rarely be considered, yet no doubt contribute to the efficient operation and enjoyment of the home.

    The feminist in me is tempted to philosophize about this (as we charge through laundry spaces and burst into kitchens and dining rooms with muddy feet) but perhaps I’ll refrain… it’s interesting, however, to consider the implications of design.

  • Mid America Mom

    MollyK Heated floors :) ( I assume it gets like 50 where you live and that is cold on feet…) and I wonder why we have balconies on high rises. Living in a building with them, facing another that does, and walking past them all the time.. no one is ever out there.

    I scored the south unit last week. Said no to entry and bath (THOUGH really think that master is COOL!) , and I think organization since it had long halls and two stair cases- I was not sure about that one … Siting did not bug me since I felt the NORTH had more impact on the feel of the space than the red brick. But this did feel ahead of the neighborhood either way.

    As with not sure about a point- I too miss being able to ask that question to the group in a related place. Reach out (by ? I cannot recall) occurred during the initial score on organization for a dallas finalist- the one that was an infill Ft Worth property near that industrial type area… remember with kitchen on first floor and living on second? It was like the rooms passed but layout was problematic for some (Oh it never occurred to me how much fun it would be to toss food to from the spaces- honey pass the popcorn LOL).

    Mid America Mom

  • Anna

    One thing I just couldn’t figure out when watching this video was why none of the houses seemed to have a door from the laundry to the back or side yard to access the washing line. Then I remembered that no one in North America seems to hang washing out on a washing line any more!

    I’m looking at this from Australia, where it is normal to hang your washing outside to dry most of the time and only use a dryer occasionally (if at all). Yes, even in project homes built on outer suburban estates.

    Designing houses that don’t even have the option of accessing the outdoors area from the laundry just seems to be locking in some pretty unsustainable behaviour for the entire lifetime of the house (50 years?)

    I realise in some North American cities it is too cold for a reasonable amount of the year to dry clothes outside, but surely not the whole year? And how about the option of a heated and ventilated drying cupboard? They’re more energy efficient than dryers.

    Anyway, to me it seems as though these houses are totally missing a very important entry.

  • John Brown

    Anna,
    Welcome to Slow Home. It is nice to hear from someone in Australia.

    You bring up an excellent point. Even though we have cold winters up here (as well as in Denver) air drying clothes still works for at least 6 months of the year.

    Unfortunately, the issues often go deeper than just the lack of a door, however. Many of these houses are located in new communities with home owner’s association by-laws that actually prohibit “unsightly things” such as clotheslines and laundry.

    Are there similar kinds of developer introduced controls in Australia?

  • John Brown

    MollyK,
    Having some kind of mass “score off” of a single plan sounds like an interesting thing to do. We will see how we can incorporate this into the design exercise schedule.

    Good idea!

  • Alison G

    I also like the idea of having a “score off” of a single plan.

    After thinking about good entries for the day, I think I’ve lived in only one house that had a good front and back entry. Over the years I’ve thought that I was just messy, but now I can blame poor entry designs that lack adequate storage.

    I think Jessica raises a good point concerning the larger issues behind poor housing design choices. Surely part of it is due to a lack of time, consideration, and training on the part of developers, but maybe larger social considerations also need to be examined. Is the lack of well-designed housing partially due to a disconnect between the traditional designer and the primary users of the private sphere?

  • Terri

    MollyK,
    That South Unit of WashParkGreen was the one I referred to earlier when I mentioned the walkaround shower. I think you agreed that it can’t be considered Slow. I do find it rather interesting, though, that you would love to have it (well, who wouldn’t?), only because I seem to recall you arguing for shared bathrooms for the kids so that they could learn cooperation, and here we have the two-person bathroom where each could have a separate entrance to the shower! ;)

  • Terri

    Anna,
    I appreciate your observation about the North American habit of using the dryer. You make an excellent point about putting laundries in a location with access to either an outdoor line or an inside drying area. I have this situation now, only because we’re thrifty and have lots of privacy and time; but a very high percentage of the population live in the situation John describes.

  • Anna

    Hi John and Terri,

    That’s a real shame that people aren’t allowed to have washing lines if they want to.

    I’m not aware of many home owner’s associations in Australia at all to be honest, certainly not ones which have an affect on such a small scale as washing lines. Where they do exist, they usually lobby politicians on things like interest rates and zoning.

    Plenty of apartment buildings have body corporate rules which prohibit washing from being hung out to dry on balconies. Or being visible from the street below, mostly apartment balconies have solid balustrades.

    With regard to washing lines being ‘unsightly’ they’re not visible from the street in almost all circumstances I can think of in Australia. Many suburban houses use the 1m wide set back on one side as the space for a washing line. The side of the house isn’t clearly visible from the street, either because of the front fence or a side gate. No one really wants their underwear on show to the world!

    I suspect housing estate developers would have guidelines in place which prohibit washing lines being visible from the street in most estates though.

    This is an example of a house that you can buy off the plan on an outer suburban housing estate in Melbourne (the city I live in, which has a similar climate to San Francisco) which is fairly typical:

    http://www.burbank.com.au/HouseLandDetails.aspx?packageId=3741

    Oh, and the 7 star (out of 10) energy rating is at least partially due to the fact that our house energy rating tool is somewhat slack compared to North America’s. 7 is pretty good, but not brilliant and the rating doesn’t cover appliances etc., just the built fabric.

    Australian houses typically have 1.8m (approx 6ft) timber fences on three sides, with a lower fence (or sometimes no fence) at the front. I’ve not yet visited North America, but from what I’ve seen in magazines, TV and films it seems that fences are uncommon or much shorter?

    If this is actually the case, perhaps a lack of fences and thus privacy is what gives rise to the home owner’s association rules which prohibit drying washing outside?